In a recent bioRxiv paper, a research group from the Marinomed Biotech biopharmaceutical company in Austria showed that a sulfated polysaccharide iota-carrageenan has the propensity to inhibit cell entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by using an in vitro neutralization assay.
Iota-carrageenan from red seaweed inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in laboratory conditions
Carrageenan nasal spray may double the rate of recovery from coronavirus and influenza virus infections: Re‐analysis of randomized trial data - Hemilä - 2021 - Pharmacology Research & Perspectives - Wiley Online Library
Iota-carrageenan extracted from red algae is a potent inhibitor of SARS‐CoV- 2 infection in reconstituted human airway epithelia - ScienceDirect
Frontiers Carrageenan From Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae): Metabolism, Structure, Production, and Application
PDF] Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures
SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro neutralization assay reveals inhibition of virus entry by iota-carrageenan
Inhibitory Effect of Iota-carrageenan on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Vitro - Chunhe Guo, Zhenbang Zhu, Piao Yu, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Wenjuan Dong, Xiaoying Wang, Yaosheng Chen, Xiaohong Liu, 2019
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SARS-CoV-2 in the Environment: Its Transmission, Mitigation, and Prospective Strategies of Safety and Sustainability
Iota-carrageenan inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the respective variants of concern alpha, beta, gamma and delta
Nasal sprays for treating COVID-19: a scientific note
PDF) Iota-Carrageenan Inhibits Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the Respective Variants of Concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta