The 6,000-year saga of the Citadel of Erbil
The history of Erbil’s citadel reads like a cinematic epic worthy of Cecil B. DeMille Possibly one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited human settlements, the citadel is built on a series of archaeological layers crowned by Ottoman-era houses. It may have been the site of a temple to Ishtar, was an important center of Nestorian Christianity, and survived both the 13th-century Mongol invasion and an 18th-century siege by Nader Shah. It was home to the Medians and the Assyrians (who called it Arbela), Muslims and Jews, and has housed Sufi shrines and displaced squatters. Its mound-like form has been shaped by successive generations of inhabitants and invaders who simply built on top of the rubble of their predecessors.
Erbil Revealed - Archaeology Magazine
Citadel of Erbil - Wikipedia
The Oldest Citadel in The World! (6000 Years) 🇮🇶
Erbil Citadel World Monuments Fund
In pictures: Inside the Erbil Citadel, one of the world's oldest
The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich
In pictures: Inside the Erbil Citadel, one of the world's oldest
Sirwan Razayee Shno
History on a Hill
Erbil Revealed - Archaeology Magazine
قەڵای ھەولێر - ویکیپیدیا، ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازاد
Les Kurdes Du Val D'oise 95
